O-arm navigation assisted hemivertebra resection and bone grafting and internal fixation for the congenital cervicothoracic hemivertebra / 中华骨科杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy and precautions of O-arm combined with navigation-assisted steotomy and hemivertebra resection for congenital cervicothoracic hemivertebra.Methods:From February 2016 to October 2020, the clinical data of 12 patients with cervicothoracic hemivertebra admitted in Henan Provincial People's Hospital were retrospectively analyzed, including 5 males and 7 females, aged 9.4±2.6 years (range, 4-15 years). Intraoperative neural monitoring system was used to ensure the safety of surgical correction process and O-arm navigation system assisted the implantation of pedicle screws,hemivertebra resection, and scoliosis deformity correction. Postoperative CT was used to evaluate the accuracy of screw placement, and routine preoperative and postoperative X-ray films of the full-length spine in standing position were taken to measure the coronal and sagittal Cobb angles. The correction rate of scoliosis and kyphosis, internal fixation, shoulder height difference and bone graft fusion were calculated at the final follow-up.Results:A total of 108 pedicle screws were inserted in 12 patients, and the screw placement accuracy rate was 96.3% (104/108). The follow-up time was 37.9±10.2 months (range, 24-61 months). The number of fused segments was 5.4±1.1 (range, 4-7). One week after surgery, the correction rate of Cobb angle was 78.5%±3.2% for scoliosis and 70.1%±5.4% for kyphosis. There were statistically significant differences in side and kyphosis Angle and Scoliosis Research Society (SRS)-22 score between preoperative and 1 week after surgery ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the operation and the last follow-up ( P>0.05). At the last follow-up, all the 12 patients achieved gradeⅠ fusion. SI was 2.4±0.8 cm before operation, 1.0±0.6 cm at 1 week after operation, and 0.7±0.5 cm at last follow-up, and the difference was statistically significant ( F=38.30, P<0.001). No pseudojoint formation, significant loss of correction Angle, or rupture of internal fixation relaxant occurred during the operation or during follow-up. Conclusion:O-arm combined with navigation-assisted steotomy and hemivertebra resection for the treatment of congenital cervicothoracic hemivertebra has the advantages of good orthopedic effect, reduced radiation exposure and fewer complications, and accurate pedicle screw implantation and hemivertebra resection.

Epidemiological profile in a tertiary admission unit of spine diseases / Perfil epidemiológico em uma unidade de internação terciária de doenças da coluna vertebral / Perfil epidemiológico en una unidad de internación terciaria de patologias de la columna vertebral

ABSTRACT: Introduction: In March 2020, WHO officially decreed that the world was going through a pandemic, that of Covid-19. In May 2022, in Brazil, the end of measures to deal with the pandemic was decreed. In 2022, there was a movement to return to normal care in the provision of care. Objective: In the present study, we carried out a retrospective descriptive analysis of the epidemiological scenario of the ward of the Spine Group at the Hospital das Clínicas of the Faculty of Medicine of the Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP). Method: Data analysis was performed from information gathered in patients' medical records. Results: In the analyzed period, there were 152 consultations in hospitalization, with the main cause being spinal trauma. Of all the cases, only 23.68% were scheduled on an elective basis, which despite being a lower than expected number, was shaped by the demands of urgent care channeled to the service in question. Conclusion: Despite a higher number of cases hospitalized in the post-pandemic period, there is still the expectancy of more elective cases to be treated in the future. Level of Evidence III; Retrospective Case Series Study.

RESUMO: Introdução: Em março de 2020, a OMS decretou oficialmente que o mundo atravessava uma pandemia, a Covid-19. Em maio de 2022, no Brasil, decretou-se o fim das medidas de enfrentamento à pandemia. No ano de 2022, houve um movimento de retorno à normalidade assistencial na prestação de atendimentos. Objetivo: No presente estudo, realiza-se uma análise retrospectiva descritiva do cenário epidemiológico da enfermaria do Grupo de Coluna Vertebral do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP). Método: A análise dos dados foi efetuada a partir do levantamento de prontuários médicos. Resultados: No período analisado, houveram 152 atendimentos em regime de internação, com a principal causa sendo o traumatismo da coluna vertebral. De todos os casos, apenas 23,68% foram casos agendados em regime eletivo, o que apesar de ser um número abaixo do esperado, foi moldado pelas demandas dos atendimentos de urgência canalizados ao serviço em questão. Conclusão: Apesar do aumento de atendimentos no período pós pandemia, há espaço para maior retomada do volume de casos eletivos no futuro. Nível de Evidência III; Estudo Retrospectivo de Série de Casos.

RESUMEN: Introdución: En marzo de 2020, la OMS decretó oficialmente que el mundo atravesaba una pandemia, la del Covid-19. En mayo de 2022, en Brasil, se decretó el fin de las medidas para enfrentar la pandemia. En el año 2022, hubo un movimiento para volver a la atención normal en la prestación de cuidados. Objetivo: En el presente estudio, realizamos un análisis descriptivo retrospectivo del escenario epidemiológico de la sala del Grupo de Columna Vertebral del Hospital das Clínicas de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP). Método: El análisis de los datos se realizó con acceso al prontuario médico de los pacientes. Resultados: En el período analizado, hubo 152 consultas en hospitalización, siendo la principal causa trauma espinal. Del total de casos, solo el 23,68% fueron programados de forma electiva que, a pesar de ser un número inferior al esperado, estuvo condicionado por las demandas de atención urgente canalizadas al servicio en cuestión. Conclusión: A pesar del aumento de asistencias en el período postpandemia, hay espacio para una mayor recuperación futura en el volumen de casos electivos. Nivel de Evidencia III; Estudio Retrospectivo de Serie de Casos.

Aggressive Diffuse Intraosseous Hemangioma: Case Report / Hemangioma intraósseo difuso agressivo: Relato de caso

Abstract Vertebral hemangioma is a benign vascular tumor that is usually asymptomatic and is discovered incidentally on imaging. When symptomatic, the most frequent presentation occursinthe formofvague back painofinsidiousonset and,inrare cases, maybeassociated with root or spinal compression, causing sensory and motor deficits. The authors report the case of a 33-year-old man, previously healthy, with a diagnosis of thoracic spine hemangio-ma at multiple levels, in the sternum, in the scapula and in the costal arches; all lesions were symptomatic,and surgicalinterventionwas required; oneof thelesionsatthe thoracicspine level evolved with spinal compression and acute neurological deficit, requiring urgent surgical intervention. Intraosseoushemangiomas represent<1%ofall bonetumors, having few reports of multifocal presentation in the axial and appendicular skeleton. In the literature review, no other case of aggressive multifocal intraosseous hemangioma with this presentation was found, including associated neurological symptoms in the same case.

Resumo O hemangioma vertebral, um tumor vascular benigno, geralmente é assintomático e descoberto incidentalmente em exames de imagem. Quando sintomático, a apresentação mais frequente ocorre sob a forma de dorsalgia vaga de início insidioso e, em raros casos, pode estar associadoa compressão radicularoumedular, causando déficit sensitivo emotor. Osautores relatamocasodeumhomemde33anos, previamentehígido, com diagnósticos de hemangioma na coluna torácica em múltiplos níveis, no esterno, na escápula e nos arcos costais; todas as lesões eram sintomáticas e houve necessidade de intervenção cirúrgica, sendo que uma das lesões ao nível da coluna torácica evoluiu com compressão medular e déficit neurológico agudo, com necessidade de intervenção cirúrgica de urgência. Os hemangiomas intraósseos representam<1% detodosostumores ósseos,eaapresentação multifocal no esqueleto axial e apendicular apresenta poucos relatos. Na revisão bibliográfica, não foi encontrado outro caso dehemangioma intraósseo multifocal agressivo com tal apresentação, inclusive com sintomas neurológicos associados em um mesmo caso.

Kinesiotaping in discopathies and degenerative spinal diseases: systematic review / Kinesiotaping em discopatias e doenças degenerativas da coluna vertebral: revisão sistemática / Kinesiotaping en discopatías y enfermedades degenerativas de la columna vertebral: revisión sistemática

ABSTRACT Neuromuscular taping or kinesiotaping is a technique widely used in spinal disorders. However, the scientific evidence of its use in discopathies and degenerative spine pathology is unknown. This study aimed to analyze the published clinical trials on neuromuscular taping in subjects with discopathies and degenerative spinal injuries. For this purpose, a literature search was performed following PRISMA guidelines in the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, Medline, and Cinahl. In analyzing bias and methodological quality, we used: the PEDro scale, Van Tulder criteria, and risk of bias analysis of the Cochrane Collaboration. A total of 5 articles were included that obtained a mean score of 6.2 on the PEDro scale. There is moderate evidence that, in the short term, neuromuscular taping reduces analgesic consumption and improves the range of motion and muscle strength in the posterior musculature. In addition, there is limited evidence that it can improve quality, while the scientific evidence on the effect of neuromuscular taping on pain is contradictory. The application of neuromuscular taping on discopathies and degenerative processes of the spine should be cautiously undertaken until more conclusive results are obtained, and the long-term effects are assessed. Level of evidence I; Systematic review.

Resumo: A bandagem neuromuscular ou kinesiotaping é uma técnica de bandagem amplamente utilizada em distúrbios da coluna vertebral. Entretanto, a evidência científica para seu uso em discopatias e na patologia degenerativa da coluna são desconhecidas. Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar ensaios clínicos publicados sobre bandagem neuromuscular em sujeitos com discopatias e lesões degenerativas da coluna vertebral. Para este fim, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica seguindo as diretrizes do PRISMA nas seguintes bases de dados: PubMed, Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, Medline e Cinahl. Na análise de viés e qualidade metodológica, foram utilizados: escala PEDro, critérios de Van Tulder e análise de risco de viés da Colaboração Cochrane. Um total de 5 artigos foi incluído com uma pontuação média de 6,2 na escala PEDro. Há evidências moderadas de que, a curto prazo, a bandagem neuromuscular reduz o consumo de analgésicos, melhora a amplitude de movimento e a força muscular na musculatura posterior. Além disso, há evidências limitadas de que pode melhorar a qualidade, enquanto as evidências científicas sobre o efeito da bandagem neuromuscular na dor são contraditórias. A aplicação da bandagem neuromuscular em discopatias e processos degenerativos da coluna vertebral deve ser feita com cautela até que resultados mais conclusivos sejam obtidos e os efeitos a longo prazo sejam avaliados. Nível de evidência I; Revisão sistemática.

Resumen: El vendaje neuromuscular o kinesiotaping es una técnica de vendaje que se utiliza ampliamente en trastornos raquídeos. Sin embargo, se desconoce la evidencia científica de uso en discopatías y patología degenerativa de la columna. El objetivo de este trabajo consistió en analizar los ensayos clínicos publicados sobre el vendaje neuromuscular en sujetos con discopatías y lesiones degenerativas del raquis. Para ello, se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica siguiendo las directrices PRISMA en las siguientes bases de datos: PubMed, Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, Medline y Cinahl. En el análisis de sesgo y calidad metodológica se utilizaron: escala PEDro, criterios de Van Tulder y análisis del riesgo de sesgo de la Colaboración Cochrane. Se incluyeron un total de 5 artículos que obtuvieron una puntuación media de 6,2 en la escala PEDro. Existe evidencia moderada de que, a corto plazo, el vendaje neuromuscular reduce el consumo de analgésicos, mejora el rango de movimiento y fuerza muscular en la musculatura posterior. Además, existe evidencia limitada de que puede mejorar la calidad, mientras que la evidencia científica sobre el efecto del vendaje neuromuscular en el dolor es contradictoria. La aplicación de vendaje neuromuscular es discopatías y procesos degenerativos del raquis debe realizarse con cautela a la espera de que se obtengan resultados más concluyentes y se valoren los efectos a largo plazo. Nivel de evidencia I; Revisión sistemática.

Changes of thickness and area of ligamenta flavum after lateral lumbar interbody fusion / 中华骨科杂志

Objective:To investigate the changes of thickness and area of the ligamentum flavum after lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) for lumbar degenerative diseases.Methods:From 2019 to 2021, a total of 54 patients with lumbar degenerative diseases who underwent LLIF combined with percutaneous pedicle screw internal fixation were retrospectively analyzed. There were 9 males and 45 females, aged 59.46±6.91 years (range, 45-76 years), followed up for 14.69±6.87 months (range, 12-33 months). The disc height (DH), midsagittal canal diameter (CD), dural sac axial cross-sectional area (DCSA), ligamentum flavum area (LFA) and ligamentum flavum thickness (LFT) before and after surgery and at the last follow-up were evaluated and compared. Pearson correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between the amount of change in the DCSA and LFA in the immediate postoperative period and at the last follow-up, as well as the correlation between the two and the amount of change in the DH. The data of patients at the last follow-up of 12 months after operation were extracted. Pearson correlation was used to evaluate the changes in DCSA and LFA at the last follow-up and the visual analogue scale (VAS) of low back pain and leg pain and Oswestry disability index (ODI) at 1 year after surgery.Results:All patients were followed up for 14.69±6.87 months (range, 12-33 months). The differences in DH ( F=354.93, P<0.001), sagittal CD ( F=44.78, P<0.001) and DCSA ( F=130.97, P<0.001) before, immediately after surgery and at the last follow-up were statistically significant. The DH, sagittal CD, and DCSA immediate after surgery and last follow-up were higher than those before surgery ( P<0.05). The differences in LFA ( F=51.59, P<0.001) and bilateral LFT ( F=53.49, P<0.001; F=50.53, P<0.001) before and after surgery and at the last follow-up were statistically significant, and both LFA and bilateral LFT at immediate after surgery and last follow-up were smaller than those before surgery ( P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that the change of DH immediately after surgery was moderately correlated with the change of DCSA ( r=0.57, P<0.001), and was strongly correlated with the change of LFA ( r=0.65, P<0.001). The change of DH at the last follow-up was moderately correlated with the change of DCSA ( r=0.43, P<0.001), and was weakly correlated with the change of LFA ( r=0.25, P=0.042). The differences in VAS-leg ( F=199.51, P<0.001), VAS-low back ( F=233.90, P<0.001), and ODI ( F=199.17, P<0.001) were statistically significant in patients before operation, 3 months after operation and 12 months after operation. There was no correlation between the changes of DCSA and LFA at the last follow-up and the changes of VAS and ODI at 1 year after operation ( P>0.05). Conclusion:LFA and LFT decrease and DCSA increase in patients with lumbar degenerative diseases after LLIF. LFA and LFT gradually decrease with time, and VAS and ODI are significantly improved compared with those before surgery. The DH loss caused by a certain degree of cage subsidence after surgery does not affect the clinical efficacy. There is no correlation between the improvement of DCSA and LFA and the improvement of clinical symptoms.

Tuberculosis espinal: diagnóstico y manejo / Spinal tuberculosis: diagnosis and treatment

RESUMEN La tuberculosis espinal representa el 50 % de los casos de tuberculosis osteoarticular y, sin un tratamiento oportuno, puede ocasionar discapacidad (por complicaciones neurológicas) y deformidad. Se sospecha de esta enfermedad con base en los antecedentes del paciente, la clínica y los hallazgos radiológicos. El diagnóstico se establece con la identificación de Mycobacterium tuberculosis, las características histopatológicas y/o hallazgo de bacilos ácido-alcohol resistentes (BAAR) en el frotis. El diagnóstico diferencial más importante de la tuberculosis espinal es la espondilodiscitis piógena. La resonancia magnética es la prueba de imagen indicada para la valoración del compromiso neurológico y el estudio diagnóstico diferencial. El tratamiento principal es la quimioterapia antituberculosa, y la cirugía puede ser coadyuvante en los casos de tuberculosis espinal complicada, luego de evaluar el déficit neurológico y la deformidad resultante. Está contraindicado realizar solamente una laminectomía, y los implantes para la artrodesis se pueden utilizar en la infección activa. El 8 % de los pacientes con déficit neurológico no logra recuperarse, aun con el tratamiento.

ABSTRACT Spinal tuberculosis accounts for 50 % of all cases of osteoarticular tuberculosis, causing disability (due to neurological complications) and deformity if left untreated. This disease is suspected based on the patient's medical history, clinical manifestations and radiological findings. It is diagnosed by positive cultures for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the histopathological characteristics of the condition and/or acid-fast bacilli (AFB)-positive smear tests. The main differential diagnosis of spinal tuberculosis is pyogenic spondylodiscitis. Magnetic resonance imaging is the appropriate imaging test to assess the neurological involvement and study the differential diagnosis of the disease. The main treatment is antituberculous chemotherapy, but surgery can be adjunctive in cases of complicated spinal tuberculosis. The decision of which treatment to implement depends on the neurological deficit and the resulting deformity. Laminectomy alone is contraindicated and arthrodesis implants can be used during the active infection. Despite treatment, 8 % of the patients with neurological deficit do not recover.

Determining Accessibility of Anterior Cervicothoracic Spine Based on Age and Gender: Radiographic Analysis of Computed Tomography Scans / Determinação da capacidade de acesso anterior à coluna cervicotorácica conforme idade e gênero: Análise radiográfica de imagens de tomografia computadorizada

Abstract Objective The approachability of the cervicothoracic region anteriorly based on age and gender, and the possibility of anatomic variances in different geographic populations have not been previously investigated. The aim of the present work was to perform a radiographic analysis of Brazilian patients to assess anterior approachability of the cervicothoracic junction based on age and gender. Methods Retrospective radiographic analysis of 300 computed tomography scans. Patients were separated based on age and gender. The radiographic parameters studied were: horizontal level above the sternum (HLS), vertebral body angle (VBA), intervertebral disc line (IDL), and intervertebral disc line angulation (IDLA). Results The most frequent HLS and IDL were T2 (34.3%) and C7-T1 (46%) respectively. Vertebral body angleand IDLA had average values of 18 ± 8.94 and 19 ± 7.9 degrees, respectively. Males had higher values in both IDLA (p= 0.003) and VBA (p= 0.02). Older groups had higher values in both IDLA (p= 0.01) and VBA (p= 0.001). No differences were observed in HLS between gender (p= 0.3) or age groups (p= 0.79). No differences were seen in IDL between gender groups (p= 0.3); however, the older group had a more caudal level than the younger groups (p= 0.12). ConclusionsCompared to other populations, our sample had a more cephalad IDL and HLS. Vertebral body angle and IDLA were higher in males and higher angles for VBA and IDLA were shown for older groups. Intervertebral disc line was more caudal with aging.

Resumo Objetivo A capacidade de acesso anterior à região cervicotorácica com base na idade e gênero do paciente e a possibilidade de variações anatômicas em diferentes populações geográficas ainda não foram investigadas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma análise radiográfica de pacientes brasileiros para avaliar a acessibilidade anterior da junção cervicotorácica conforme idade e gênero. Métodos Análise radiográfica retrospectiva de 300 tomografias computadorizadas. Os pacientes foram separados por idade e gênero. Os parâmetros radiográficos estudados foram: nível horizontal acima do esterno (HLS, na sigla em inglês), angulação do corpo vertebral (VBA, na sigla em inglês), linha do disco intervertebral (IDL, na sigla em inglês) e angulação da linha do disco intervertebral (IDLA, na sigla em inglês). Resultados Os HLS e IDL mais frequentes foram T2 (34,3%) e C7-T1 (46%), respectivamente. Os valores médios de VBA e IDLA foram de 18 ± 8,94 e 19 ± 7,9 graus, respectivamente. Os homens apresentaram valores maiores de IDLA (p= 0,003) e VBA (p= 0,02). Os grupos de maior idade apresentaram valores maiores de IDLA (p= 0,01) e VBA (p= 0,001). Não houve diferenças de HLS entre os gêneros masculino e feminino (p= 0,3) ou faixas etárias (p= 0,79). Não foram observadas diferenças na IDL entre os gêneros masculino e feminino (p= 0,3); entretanto, o grupo mais velho apresentou nível mais caudal do que os grupos mais jovens (p= 0,12). ConclusõesEm comparação a outras populações, nossa amostra apresentou IDL e HLS mais cefálicos. AVBA e a IDLA foram maiores no gênero masculino, enquanto VBA e IDLA foram maiores em grupos mais velhos. A IDL era mais caudal em pacientes idosos.

The trend of clinical and pathological characteristics and surgical treatment in patients with spinal metastases: A multicenter retrospective study / 中华骨科杂志

Objective:To retrospectively analyze the patients with spinal metastases who received surgical intervention and summarize the evolution of their clinical and pathological characteristics and surgical methods.Methods:The data of 703 patients with spinal metastases from January 2007 to December 2018 were collected retrospectively. There were 395 males (56.19%, 395/703) and 308 females (43.81%, 308/703) with an average age of 58.14±11.46 years (range 13-84 years). According to the degree of invasion and thoroughness of tumor resection, the surgical methods could be divided into minimally invasive surgery, decompression surgery, separation surgery, piecemeal resection and total en-bloc spondylectomy surgery. The operative methods were minimally invasive surgery in 89 cases (12.66%), decompression surgery in 96 cases (13.66%), separation surgery in 303 cases (43.10%), piecemeal resection in 182 cases (25.89%) and total en-bloc spondylectomy in 33 cases (4.69%). To analyze the trend of the clinical, pathological types and surgical treatment of patients with spinal metastases over the years, and determine the relevant factors affecting the decision-making of surgical methods by multivariate logistic regression.Results:The ratio of male to female was 1.28:1. 39.54% (278/703) of patients with single-segment involvement in 703 patients, 24.04% (169/703) of patients with double-segment metastasis and 36.42% (256/703) of patients with multi-segment metastasis. The most common type of primary tumor was lung cancer (34.57%, 243/703), followed by breast cancer (8.25%, 58/703), myeloma (8.11%, 57/703), gastrointestinal tumor (6.82%, 48/703) and renal malignant tumor (6.40%, 45/703). From 2007 to 2018, there was no significant difference in the percentage change of different age, gender and primary tumor source composition (age: χ 2=14.01, P=0.233; gender: χ 2=35.73, P=0.341; primary tumor: χ 2=120.09, P=0.074). The percentage of patients with sacrococcygeal metastasis decreased from 20.00% in 2008 to 1.89% in 2017 and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2=8.09, P=0.005). The percentage of patients with multi-level metastasis increased from 26.67% in 2008 to 52.83% in 2017, and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2=7.23, P=0.007). The percentage of patients with minimally invasive surgery decreased from 25.00% in 2007 to 5.88% in 2018, and the percentage of patients with segmented resection decreased from 53.33% in 2008 to 10.29% in 2018. The proportion of the two surgical methods showed a significant downward trend, and the differences were statistically significant (minimally invasive surgery: χ 2=1.46, P=0.026; segmented resection surgery: χ 2=19.56, P<0.001). The percentage of patients undergoing separation surgery increased from 13.33% in 2008 to 64.71% in 2018, and the proportion of patients undergoing total en-bloc spondylectomy increased from 0 in 2007 to 10.29% in 2018. Both surgical methods showed a significant growth trend and the differences were statistically significant (separation surgery: χ 2=27.09, P<0.001; χ 2=4.16, P=0.042). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age, metastatic site, number of metastatic segments, pathological vertebral fractures, Frankel grade, SINS score and VAS score were independent factors influencing surgical decision-making ( P<0.05). Conclusion:With different time and age, the invasiveness and thoroughness of surgery are increasing, which shows that the percentage of patients who underwent separation surgery and to-tal en-bloc spondylectomy is significantly increasing. Age, metastatic site, number of metastatic segments, pathological vertebral fractures, Frankel grade, SINS score and VAS score are independent factors affecting surgical decision-making.

Construction of a risk prediction and evaluation system for postoperative incisional infection after spinal surgery / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective:To construct a risk prediction and assessment system for incisional infection after spinal surgery.Methods:Based on the failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA), risk factors and assessment indicators of postoperative incisional infection in spinal surgery were sorted out through literature search followed by expert consultation using the Delphi expert consultation method. After three-level assessment indicators were selected according to their importance and expert opinions and assigned by different scores, a risk prediction and evaluation system was constructed for postoperative incisional infection after spinal surgery.Results:The 2 rounds of expert consultation questionnaire resulted in an effective response rate of 100%. The degree of expert consultation authority was 0.85, showing high reliability; the Kendall coordination coefficients of expert consultation ranged from 0.525 to 0.686, showing good coordination ( P<0.05). The three-level assessment indicators consisted of 3 primary, 18 secondary and 54 tertiary ones. After statistical analyses of the important risk indicators selected which consisted of 6 preoperative evaluation ones and 18 postoperative evaluation ones, 6 preoperative and 12 postoperative predictive indicators were obtained. The values of risk priority number (RPN) were calculated for high, medium and low risks for postoperative incisional infection using a semi-quantitative method. Conclusion:A self-designed system has been constructed for risk prediction and assessment of incisional infection after spinal surgery based on expert consultation and FMEA method.

Value of hemagglutination indicators in the diagnosis of osteoporosis in patients with spinal degenerative diseases / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective:To explore the value of hemagglutination index in the diagnosis of osteoporosis in patients with spinal degenerative diseases.Methods:In this retrospective study, 313 patients with spinal degenerative diseases who were admitted to the Department of Spine Surgery of Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from November 2018 to April 2020 were selected and divided into osteoporosis group (119 cases), osteopenia group (101 cases) and normal group (93 cases) according to quantitative computed tomography (QCT) detection results. Fasting venous blood samples were taken to test coagulation indicators and bone turnover markers. One-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis H tests were used to analyze the differences among three groups. The independent risk factors associated with Osteoporosis(OP)in patients with spinal degenerative diseases were screened from the blood indices. Furthermore, the osteopenia group and the normal group were combined into the non-osteoporosis group. Binary Logistic regression analysis was performed between the non-osteoporosis group and the osteoporosis group. Receiver operating curve (ROC) was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of relevant indicators in patients with spinal degenerative diseases.Results:Gender (χ 2=13.555, P=0.001), age ( F=17.53, P<0.001), Body Mass Index (BMI) ( F=4.068, P=0.018), β-C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CTx) (χ 2=8.684, P=0.013), 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] (χ 2=6.155, P=0.046), D-dimer (χ 2=8.111, P=0.017) and platelet (PLT) ( F=6.809, P=0.001) were different significantly among three groups. The age ( P=0.006), D-dimer ( P=0.020) and PLT ( P=0.002) in normal group were remarkably lower than those in osteoporosis group. Age ( P<0.001) and PLT ( P=0.006) in osteopenia group were considerably lower than those in osteoporosis group, while β-CTX ( P=0.015) and BMI ( P=0.014) were significantly higher than those in osteoporosis group. The differences between non-osteoporosis group and osteoporosis group in gender, age, BMI, β-CTx, D-dimer and PLT were statistically significant (ALL P<0.05). Logistic regression showed that age [ OR=1.164, 95% CI (1.097-1.236)], gender [ OR=0.495, 95% CI (0.274-0.896)], BMI [ OR=0.890, 95% CI (0.816-0.971)] and PLT [ OR=1.008, 95% CI (1.003-1.103)] were independent risk factors for the osteoporosis group ( P<0.05). The AUCs (area under the curve) were detected separately by age AUC=0.715[95% CI (0.647-0.783)], gender AUC=0.612[95% CI (0.539-0.684)], BMI AUC=0.694[95%C I (0.622-0.766)], PLT AUC=0.610[95% CI (0.539-0.682)], and the combination of the former four indicators AUC=0.768[95% CI (0.706-0.829)] ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Based on the QCT results, the PLT count has considerable value in the diagnosis of osteoporosis in patients with spinal degenerative diseases. PLT combined with age, gender and BMI can greatly improve the diagnostic efficiency of osteoporosis.

The clinical value of the New England spinal metastases score system in predicting the survival of patients with spinal metastases / 中华骨科杂志

Objective:To evaluate the clinical value of the New England spinal metastasis score (NESMS) in predicting the prognosis of patients with spinal metastases by retrospectively analyzing the medical records of multicenter spinal metastases in China.Methods:The data of 179 patients with spinal metastases from January 2008 to December 2018 were retrospectively collected. There were 108 males (60.3%) and 71 females (39.7%) with an average age of 59.79±10.88 years old (range 27-84 years). The patient demographic characteristics, primary tumor type, spinal metastases and segments, vertebral pathological fractures, neurological Frankel classification, physical function status, Karnofsky performance scale (KPS), visual analogue score (VAS), the spinal instability neoplastic score (SINS), modified Bauer score, NESMS score, Tomita score and modified Tokuhashi score were collected. The clinical value of NESMS score, Tomita score and modified Tokuhashi score in predicting the survival of patients with spinal metastases were compared. The independent factors affecting survival in these patients were analyzed by Cox proportional hazards regression model.Results:Among the 179 patients, the peak incidence of spinal metastases was in the age group of 61-75 years (45.3%, 81/179) of all patients. Lung cancer was the most common primary tumor (46.9%, 84/179). 40.8% (73/179) of patients had multi-segment metastasisand thoracic spine was the most common site with single-site metastasis (26.3%, 47/179). 28.5% (51/179) of the patients had visceral metastases and 52.0% (93/179) of the patients had extraspinal bone metastases. 31.3% (56/179) of the patients had pathological fractures of the involved vertebral bodies.114 patients received surgical treatment (63.4%). The mortality rates in 3-months, 6-months and 1-year were 22.4% (40/179), 51.4% (92/179) and 77.1% (138/179), respectively. The median survival time of patients with NESMS score of 0-3 was 3, 4, 8, and 10 months respectively with the mean survival time was 3.60±2.10, 6.77±3.39, 9.69±5.71 and 10.53±6.25 months. The 1-year mortality rates were 100% (13/13), 87.5% (42/48), 71.6% (63/88) and 66.7% (20/30) respectively. The consistency of NESMS score, Tomita score and modified Tokuhashi score in predicting survival of all patients was 0.63, 0.58 and 0.55, respectively. For patients with spinal metastases, the NESMS score was better than the Tomita score and modified Tokuhashi score in predicting survival at 3-months (AUC=1.00, 0.63, 0.42) and 6-months (AUC=0.71, 0.63, 0.45). But the accuracy of Tomita score was best in predicting survival at 1-year (AUC=0.66, 0.61, 0.38). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis showed that growth rate of primary tumor, neurological function Frankel score, albumin level and surgical treatment were independent factors affecting the survival time of patients with spinal metastases ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The consistency and accuracy of NESMS score in predicting survival of patients with spinal metastases are better than Tomita score and modified Tokuhashi score, especially in predicting 3- and 6-month survival. The growth rate of primary tumor, Frankel classification, albumin level and surgical treatment were independent factors affecting the survival time of patients with spinal metastases.

Quality assessment of systematic reviews of surgical treatment of cervical spine degenerative diseases: an overview

ABSTRACT Objective To gather all systematic reviews of surgical treatment of degenerative cervical diseases and assess their quality, conclusions and outcomes. Methods A literature search for systematic reviews of surgical treatment of degenerative cervical diseases was conducted. Studies should have at least one surgical procedure as an intervention. Included studies were assessed for quality through Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) and Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) questionnaires. Quality of studies was rated accordingly to their final score as very poor (<30%), poor (30%-50%), fair (50%-70%), good (70%-90%), and excellent (>90%). If an article reported a conclusion addressing its primary objective with supportive statistical evidence for it, they were deemed to have an evidence-based conclusion. Results A total of 65 systematic reviews were included. According to AMSTAR and PRISMA, 1.5% to 6.2% of studies were rated as excellent, while good studies counted for 21.5% to 47.7%. According to AMSTAR, most studies were of fair quality (46.2%), and 6.2% of very poor quality. Mean PRISMA score was 70.2%, meaning studies of good quality. For both tools, performing a meta-analysis significantly increased studies scores and quality. Cervical spondylosis studies reached highest scores among diseases analyzed. Authors stated conclusions for interventions compared in 70.7% of studies, and only two of them were not supported by statistical evidence. Conclusion Systematic reviews of surgical treatment of cervical degenerative diseases present "fair" to "good" quality in their majority, and most of the reported conclusions are supported by statistical evidence. Including a meta-analysis significantly increases the quality of a systematic review.

Clinical outcome analysis in surgical patients enrolled in a Second Opinion Program in spine surgery

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze pain, functional capacity, quality of life, anxiety and depression outcomes in patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery following use of the Second Opinion Program, and to present disagreements regarding diagnoses and therapeutic indications between the first and second opinions. Methods A prospective, observational cohort study with 100 patients enrolled in the Second Opinion Program who underwent lumbar spine surgery. Questionnaires addressing pain intensity, level of disability, quality of life, anxiety and depression were applied prior to and within 1, 3, 6 and 12 months of surgery. Descriptive and comparative statistical analyses were performed. The following clinical outcomes were analyzed: pain intensity, level of disability, quality of life, anxiety, and depression. Results In this sample, 88% and 12% out of 100 patients were submitted to lumbar decompression and arthrodesis, respectively. Patients reported improvements in function, pain intensity, and quality of life factors following surgery and were able to attain the minimal clinically important difference relative to the preoperative period. Agreement between the first and second opinions was observed in 44% of diagnoses, and in 27% of therapeutic indications. Conclusion Patients had favorable postoperative outcomes regarding pain, disability, and quality of life. These findings and the high rates of diagnostic and therapeutic indication disagreements corroborate the need of a second opinion in cases of spine disease with surgical indications.

Impacto da atenção primária à saúde no manejo da COVID-19 e no acesso aos serviços de fisioterapia no Brasil / Impact of primary health care on COVID-19 management and access to physical therapy services in Brazil

Introdução: Os problemas crônicos de coluna estão fortemente presentes na sociedade e apresentam impacto relevante para a saúde pública pela sua alta prevalência e índice de incapacidade e absenteísmo que provoca na população. Muito tem se discutido sobre as possíveis causas desses problemas, no entanto pouca ênfase tem sido dada ao contexto social e políticas públicas envolvidas na sua gênese. Além disso faz-se se necessário maior investigação sobre a influência dos hábitos de vida, como uso de tecnologias e manejo desses casos na atenção primária da saúde. Além destes aspectos, essas condições podem gerar um aumento na demanda, aumentando o tempo de espera para o tratamento destas condições. Uma atenção primária à saúde (APS) organizada pode diminuir este alto número de casos, além de poder contribuir com condições infectocontagiosas, como o COVID-19, pois consegue atuar muito próximo da população e realizar atividades de acolhimento, educação em saúde, orientações quanto o isolamento e uso de medidas protetivas. Esta tese tem como objetivo analisar de modo ampliado os fatores que podem estar associados aos problemas crônicos de coluna, bem como o impacto da Atenção Primária a saúde no manejo da COVID-19 e no tempo de espera para o serviço especializado de fisioterapia. Metodologia: está dividida em quatro estudos. 1) estudo transversal, com análise multinível dos fatores associados aos problemas crônicos de coluna, a partir da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde; 2) estudo caso-controle, com análise dos fatores associados a cervicalgia crônica em adultos jovens, a partir de dados primários; 3) estudo transversal, com análise multinível dos fatores associados ao tempo de espera para os serviços especializados de fisioterapia, a partir do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica; e 4) série temporal com dados de casos diagnosticados de COVID-19 e seus óbitos como desfechos nas capitais da região Nordeste do Brasil. Resultados: foi encontrada maior prevalência de problemas crônicos de coluna no sexo feminino (RP=1,23; IC95%1,15-1,30), com idade acima de 49 anos (RP=1,75; IC95% 1,1-1,90), e em indivíduos que realizam atividades pesadas no trabalho (RP=1,37; IC95% 1,28-1,46). Esteve associado a pior autoavaliação do estado de saúde (RP=3,92; IC95% 3,03-5,07), maior quantidade de dias com percepção de depressão (RP=1,70; IC95% 1,50-1,94), e presença de hábitos tabagistas (RP=1,37; IC95% 1,27-1,48). Houve também associação para problemas crônicos de coluna nas cidades com maior proporção de Núcleo Ampliado de Saúde da Família (NASF) por habitantes (RP=1,28; IC95% 1,07-1,54). Para as cervicalgias crônicas em adultos jovens, foi observada maior associação em indivíduos com maior comportamento sedentário (OR=2,41; IC95% 1,01-5,88) e com problemas de visão (OR=2,83; IC95% 1,26-6,38). Não foi encontrada associação entre cervicalgia crônica e hábitos posturais e uso de aparelho celular. Quanto ao tempo de espera para o serviço especializado de fisioterapia, foi encontrado menor tempo de encaminhamento nas equipes de saúde que receberam apoio para o planejamento e organização do processo de trabalho (p<0,0001), naquelas que disponibilizam informações sobre a situação de saúde (p<0,0016), nas equipes que possuem contra-referência (p<0,0001) e nas equipes que são apoiadas pelo fisioterapeuta do NASF (p<0,0001). Já no manejo da COVID-19 uma maior cobertura da APS (p=0,01), além de uma maior taxa de isolamento social (p=0,001) mostraramse como fatores atenuantes para a disseminação desta doença e seus óbitos. Conclusão: Observa-se uma associação dos problemas crônicos de coluna tanto com fatores biológicos quanto comportamentais, e uma importância da organização e maior cobertura da APS tanto para diminuição no tempo de encaminhamento para o serviço especializado de fisioterapia, quanto no manejo da COVID-19 (AU).

Introduction: Chronic spine problems are strongly present in society and have a relevant impact on public health due to their high prevalence and the rate of disability and absenteeism that they cause in the population. Much has been discussed about the possible causes of these problems, however little emphasis has been given to the social context and public policies involved in its genesis. In addition, further research is needed on the influence of lifestyle habits, such as the use of technologies and the management of these cases in primary health care. In addition to these aspects, these conditions can generate high waiting lines, increasing the waiting time for the treatment of these conditions. An organized PHC can reduce this high number of cases, in addition to contributing to infectious and contagious conditions, such as COVID-19. This thesis aims to analyze in a broader way the factors that may be associated with chronic spinal problems, as well as the impact of Primary Health Care on COVID-19 management and on the waiting time for the specialized physiotherapy service. Methodology: it is divided into four studies. 1) cross-sectional study, with multilevel analysis of factors associated with chronic back problems, based on the National Health Survey; 2) case-control study, with analysis of factors associated with chronic neck pain in young adults, based on primary data; 3) cross-sectional study, with multilevel analysis of factors associated with waiting time for specialized physiotherapy services, based on the National Program for Improving Access and Quality of Primary Care; and 4) time series with data on diagnosed cases of COVID-19 and their deaths as outcomes in the capitals of the Northeast region of Brazil. Results: a higher prevalence of chronic spine problems was found in females (PR = 1.23; 95% CI 1.15-1.30), aged over 49 years (PR = 1.75; 95% CI 1.1 -1.90), and in individuals who perform heavy activities at work (PR = 1.37; 95% CI 1.28-1.46). It was associated with worse self-assessment of health status (PR = 3.92; 95% CI 3.03-5.07), greater number of days with perception of depression (PR = 1.70; 95% CI 1.50- 1, 94), and the presence of smoking habits (PR = 1.37; 95% CI 1.27-1.48). There was also an association for chronic spine problems in cities with a higher proportion of NASF per inhabitants (PR = 1.28; 95% CI 1.07-1.54). For chronic neck pain in young adults, a greater association was observed in individuals with greater sedentary behavior (OR = 2.41; 95% CI 1.01-5.88) and with vision problems (OR = 2.83; 95% CI 1 , 26-6.38). No association was found between chronic neck pain and postural habits and use of a cell phone. As for the waiting time for the specialized physiotherapy service, less referral time was found in the health teams that received support for the planning and organization of the work process (p <0.0001), in those that provide information about the health situation. health (p <0.0016), in teams that have a counter-reference (p <0.0001) and in teams that are supported by the NASF physiotherapist (p <0.0001. In the management of COVID, a greater coverage of PHC (p=0.01), in addition to a higher rate of social isolation (p=0.001) were shown to be mitigating factors for the dissemination of COVID-19 and its deaths. Conclusion: There is an association of chronic spinal problems with both biological and behavioral factors, and an importance of organization and greater coverage of PHC, both for a reduction in the time of referral to the specialized physiotherapy service, and in the management of COVID-19, with a greater attenuation of cases and deaths in locations with greater coverage of PHC (AU).

Significance of spinal sagittal balance for guiding acetabular prosthesis positioning / 中国骨伤

Since the concept of "safe area" put forward by Lewinnek, it has been widely recognized. While in recent years, many scholars have found that even if the acetabular prosthesis was placed on the "safe area", there were still many unexplained dislocation after total hip arthroplasty. And scholars began to question whether the "safe area" is really suitable for all patients. Spinal degeneration, deformity, lumbar fusion, etc. will lead to spine sagittal imbalance and changes in pelvic activity, which could lead to changes in acetabular orientation, and ultimately lead to edge loading, wear, impact, and even dislocation after total hip replacement. From the perspective of wear, impact and dislocation, it is determined by the functional positioning of the acetabular cup, not the anatomical positioning. The anatomical positioning and functional positioning of the neutral pelvic acetabular cup in the standing position can be considered equivalent. For pelvic rotation more than 20°, functional placement needs to be considered. In recent years, as the understanding of the internal relationship between the spine-pelvis-hip joint has become more and more profound, some scholars further classify the hip-spine relationship according to whether the spine is stiff or deformed, and propose corresponding acetabulums according to different types of hip-spine relationships The function of placement, so as to achieve a stable artificial hip joint. Therefore, it is of great significance to fully assess whether the patient's sagittal plane is balanced before surgery to guide artificial hip replacement surgery.

Nonspecific spondylodiscitis in adults: retrospective study / Espondilodiscites inespecíficas em adultos: estudo retrospectivo / Espondilodiscitis inespecíficas en adultos: estudio retrospectivo

ABSTRACT Objective To describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with pyogenic spondylodiscitis treated in a Brazilian hospital. Methods This is a retrospective study of patients diagnosed with nonspecific spondylodiscitis. Patients of both sexes, above 18 years of age with a minimum follow-up time of 6 months were included. Epidemiological, laboratory, and clinical data were analyzed. Results Nine patients were included. The mean age was 64 years, with seven men (77.7%) and two women (22.2%). All patients evaluated had back pain. The most affected location was the lumbar spine (44.4%). Only three patients (33.3%) had fever and five (55%) had constitutional symptoms. The mean duration of symptoms before diagnosis was 2.5 (± 1.5) weeks. Only four patients (44.4%) had positive cultures. As for neurological status, five patients (55.5%) presented neurological change. At the end of treatment, two patients improved one level in the Frankel score and two patients improved two levels. The main indication for surgery was neurological deficit (55.5%). Two of the patients evaluated died as a result of an infectious condition. Conclusions Less than half of the patients with pyogenic spondylodiscitis had fever or constitutional symptoms. Back pain was present in all cases. In less than half of the patients it was possible to isolate the responsible microorganism. Most patients underwent surgical treatment, although not all improved from the neurological deficit. Level of evidence II; Retrospective study.

RESUMO Objetivo Descrever as características epidemiológicas e clínicas de pacientes com espondilodiscite piogênica tratados em um hospital brasileiro. Métodos Trata-se de estudo retrospectivo de pacientes com diagnóstico de espondilodiscite inespecífica. Foram incluídos pacientes de ambos os sexos, acima de 18 anos, com tempo de seguimento mínimo de seis meses. Foram analisados dados epidemiológicos, laboratoriais e clínicos. Resultados Nove pacientes foram incluídos. A média de idade foi de 64 anos, sendo sete homens (77,7%) e duas mulheres (22,2%). Todos os pacientes avaliados tinham dorsalgia. O local mais acometido foi a coluna lombar (44,4%). Apenas três pacientes (33,3%) apresentaram febre e cinco (55%), sintomas constitucionais. O tempo médio de sintomas antes do diagnóstico foi de 2,5 (± 1,5) semanas. Apenas quatro pacientes (44,4%) tiveram culturas positivas. Cinco pacientes (55,5%) apresentaram alteração neurológica. Ao término do tratamento, dois pacientes melhoraram um nível no escore de Frankel, dois pacientes melhoraram dois níveis. A principal indicação para cirurgia foi déficit neurológico (55,5%). Dois pacientes avaliados foram a óbito em decorrência do quadro infeccioso. Conclusões Menos da metade dos pacientes com espondilodiscite piogênica tiveram febre ou sintomas constitucionais. A dorsalgia estava presente em todos os casos. Em menos da metade dos pacientes foi possível isolar o microrganismo responsável. A maioria dos pacientes foi submetida a tratamento cirúrgico, embora nem todos tiveram melhora do déficit neurológico. Nível de evidência II; Estudo Retrospectivo.

RESUMEN Objetivo Describir las características epidemiológicas y clínicas de pacientes con espondilodiscitis piógena tratados en un hospital brasileño. Métodos Se trata de un estudio retrospectivo de pacientes con diagnóstico de espondilodiscitis inespecífica. Fueron incluidos pacientes de ambos sexos, mayores de 18 años, con tiempo de seguimiento mínimo de seis meses. Fueron analizados datos epidemiológicos, de laboratorio y clínicos. Resultados Se incluyeron nueve pacientes. El promedio de edad fue de 64 años, siendo siete hombres (77,7%) y dos mujeres (22,2%). Todos los pacientes evaluados tenían dolor de espalda. El local más acometido fue la columna lumbar (44,4%). Sólo tres pacientes (33,3%) presentaron fiebre y cinco (55%) síntomas constitucionales. El tiempo promedio de síntomas antes del diagnóstico fue de 2,5 (± 1,5) semanas. Sólo cuatro pacientes (44,4%) tuvieron cultivos positivos. Cinco pacientes (55,5%) presentaron alteración neurológica. Al término del tratamiento, dos pacientes mejoraron un nivel en la escala de Frankel, dos pacientes mejoraron dos niveles. La principal indicación para cirugía fue el déficit neurológico (55,5%). Dos pacientes evaluados fueron a óbito como consecuencia del cuadro infeccioso. Conclusiones Menos de la mitad de los pacientes con espondilodiscitis piógena tuvieron fiebre o síntomas constitucionales. El dolor de espalda estuvo presente en todos los casos. En menos de la mitad de los pacientes fue posible aislar el microorganismo responsable. La mayoría de los pacientes fue sometida a tratamiento quirúrgico, aunque no todos tuvieron mejora del déficit neurológico. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudio retrospectivo.

Perfil de trabalhadores com lombalgia atendidos em um serviço de saúde / Profile of workers with lumbar affections attended at a health service

As transformações no mundo do trabalho têm propiciado o acúmulo de tarefas, exigências de polivalência e aumento do ritmo de trabalho, ocasionando um aumento de lombalgias. OBJETIVO: Descrever o perfil de trabalhadores com lombalgia, atendidos em uma unidade especializada em Saúde do Trabalhador da Baixada Santista. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo observacional transversal e exploratório. Ocorreu análise documental de prontuários abertos de trabalhadores atendidos no Centro de Referência em Saúde do Trabalhador (CEREST) de Santos-SP, no período de julho de 2014 a julho de 2015, com queixa de lombalgia e diagnósticos nosológicos estabelecidos para "outras dorsopatias" (M51 a M54) segundo a CID-10. Foram obtidos os dados: demográficos, variáveis clínicas, categorias profissionais, entre outras. RESULTADOS: De 502 prontuários, 21,9% (n=110) apresentaram queixa de lombalgia e diagnóstico clínico pela CID-10. Houve predomínio do sexo feminino (58,2%), na faixa etária de 35 a 45 anos (50,9%) e baixa escolaridade, com ensino fundamental incompleto (35,4%). Ainda, 23,7% dos sujeitos estavam em situação de afastamento do trabalho e 85,0% com registro em carteira de trabalho (CLT). As categorias profissionais mais prevalentes foram de serviços domésticos, 28,3% (n=31) e atividades de limpeza, 19,1% (n=21). Dos sujeitos, 68,2% tiveram assistência de Fisioterapeutas. CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência foi maior no sexo feminino, de trabalhadores formais e afastados do trabalho, do setor de serviços domésticos e atividades de limpeza, de baixa escolaridade, e com a faixa etária considerada produtiva para o trabalho.

The changes in the world of work haved a significant impact on tasks, capturing versatility and increasing the pace of work, causing an increase in low back pain. OBJECTIVE: To describe the profile of workers with low back pain treated at a unit specialized in Occupational Health in Baixada Santista. METHODS: This is an observational cross-sectional and exploratory study. A documentary analysis of the open records of workers attended at the Reference Center for Occupational Health (CEREST), in Santos-SP, from July 2014 to July 2015 was carried out, with a list of low back pain and diagnosis in the following clinical methods for "Other dorsopathies" (M51 to M54) according to ICD-10. The data were selected: demographic, clinical variables, professional categories, among others. RESULTS: Of the 502 medical records, 21.9% (n = 110) reported complaints of low back pain and clinical diagnosis by ICD-10. There was a predominance of females (58.2%), aged between 35 and 45 years (50.9%) and low education, with incomplete primary education (35.4%). Still, 23.7% of individuals were absent from work and 85.0% were registered on the work card (CLT). The most prevalent professional categories were domestic services, 28.3% (n = 31) and cleaning activities, 19.1% (n = 21). Of the subjects, 68.2% had assistance from physiotherapists. CONCLUSION: The prevalence was higher in women, in workers trained and away from work, in the sector of domestic services and cleaning activities, in low education and in the age group considered productive for work.

Evaluation of rod breakage after three-column osteotomy / Avaliação da quebra de haste após realização de osteotomia das três colunas / Evaluación de la rotura de varilla después de realización de osteotomía de las tres columnas

ABSTRACT Objective To identify the incidence and possible risk factors associated with rod breakage in patients who underwent vertebral column resection (VCR) or pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) to treat complex deformities of the spine. Methods Retrospective analysis of a series of 32 patients operated from 2014 to 2018 in a single center. The patients were analyzed for demographic (sex, age), biometric (BMI), radiographical (pre- and postoperative angular variations), and surgical (arthrodesed and osteotomized levels) characteristics. Descriptive analyses were performed for the numerical variables (mean, standard deviation, maximum, median, and minimum) and frequency analysis was performed for the categorical variables. Logistic regression analysis was performed for the dependent variable "rod breakage", using a stepwise technique to select the variables for the best model, assuming statistical significance of 0.05. Results Of the 32 patients selected, rod breakage occurred in 34.4%. Mean age was 36.6 years (± 19.8), ranging from 10 to 74 years, and the mean BMI was 25.1 (±6.0). Most patients were subjected to VCR (75.0%), were males (56.2%) and did not smoke (90.6%). Logistic regression analysis showed that "arthrodesed levels" were was positively associated with rod breakage (OR 1.72; CI95%: 1.13-3.10; p<0.05). The other factors were not associated with breakage. Conclusion Rod breakage is a frequent complication after three-column osteotomy, especially in long constructions. Level of evidence III; Retrospective Study.

RESUMO Objetivos Identificar a incidência e possíveis fatores de risco relacionados à quebra de hastes em pacientes submetidos à ressecção colunar vertebral (RCV) ou osteotomia de subtração pedicular (OSP) para o tratamento cirúrgico de doenças complexas da coluna vertebral. Métodos Análise retrospectiva de uma série de 32 pacientes operados de 2014 a 2018, em um único centro. Os pacientes foram avaliados quanto às características demográficas (sexo, idade), biométricas (IMC), radiológicas (variação angular antes e após a correção) e cirúrgicas (níveis artrodesados, níveis osteotomizados). As análises descritivas foram realizadas para as variáveis numéricas (média, desvio-padrão, máximo, mediana e mínimo) e, para as variáveis categóricas foi realizada a análise da frequência. Realizou-se análise de regressão logística para a variável dependente "quebra", utilizando a técnica stepwise para seleção das variáveis que compõem o melhor modelo, considerando o nível de significância de 0,05. Resultados Foram selecionados 32 pacientes; a proporção de quebra foi de 34,4%. Observou-se que a média de idade foi de 36,6 anos (± 19,8 anos), distribuindo-se entre 10 e 74 anos, e o IMC médio foi 25,1 (± 6,0). Verificou-se que a maior parte dos indivíduos foi submetida a técnica RCV (75,0%), era do sexo masculino (56,2%) e não fumava (90,6%). Na análise de regressão logística, "níveis artrodesados" associou-se positivamente à quebra (OR 1,72; IC95%; 1,13-3,10; p < 0,05). Os outros fatores não se associaram à quebra. Conclusão A quebra de hastes é uma complicação frequente das osteotomias das três colunas, principalmente, em construções longas. Nível de evidência III; Estudo Retrospectivo.

RESUMEN Objetivos Identificar la incidencia y los posibles factores de riesgo relacionados a la rotura de varillas en pacientes sometidos a resección de la columna vertebral (RCV) u osteotomía de sustracción pedicular (OSP) para el tratamiento quirúrgico de enfermedades complejas de la columna vertebral. Métodos Análisis retrospectivo de una serie de 32 pacientes operados desde 2014 hasta 2018, en un único centro. Los pacientes fueron evaluados cuanto a las características demográficas (sexo, edad), biométricas (IMC), radiológicas (variación angular antes y después de la corrección) y quirúrgicas (niveles artrodesados, niveles osteotomizados). Los análisis descriptivos fueron realizados para las variables numéricas (promedio, desviación estándar, máximo, mediana y mínimo) y, para las variables categóricas fue realizado el análisis de frecuencia. Se realizó análisis de regresión logística para la variable dependiente «rotura¼, utilizando la técnica stepwise para selección de las variables que componen el mejor modelo, considerando el nivel de significancia de 0.05. Resultados Fueron seleccionados 32 pacientes; la proporción de rotura fue de 34,4%. Se observó que el promedio de edad fue de 36,6 años (± 19,8 años), distribuyéndose entre 10 a 74 años, y el IMC promedio fue de 25,1 (± 6,0). Se verificó que la mayor parte de los individuos fue sometida a la técnica RCV (75,0%), era del sexo masculino (56,2%) y no fumaba (90,6%). En el análisis de regresión logística, los "niveles artrodesados" se asociaron positivamente a la rotura (OR 1,72; IC 95%; 1,13-3,10; p <0,05). Los otros factores no se asociaron a la rotura. Conclusión La rotura de varillas es una complicación frecuente de las osteotomías de tres columnas, principalmente en construcciones largas. Nivel de evidencia III; Estudio Retrospectivo.

Translation, Cross-cultural Adaptation and Reliability of Brazilian portuguese version of the DRAM Questionnaire for Psychometric Evaluation in Low Back Pain / Tradução, adaptação cultural e confiabilidade da versão em português brasileiro do questionário DRAM para avaliação psicométrica em dor lombar

Abstract Objective Based on studies regarding pain physiology and its relation to emotional distress conditions, psychological evaluation became essential to determine the most favorable patient profiles to distinct therapeutic approaches. The Distress Risk Assessment Method (DRAM) has been developed as a screening instrument for patients with lumbar pain, classifying them in subgroups as normal, at risk, distressed somatic and distressed depressive, based on the two components of DRAM scores (Modified Somatic Perception Questionnaire [MSPQ] and Zung questionnaires). The objective of the present study is to translate and culturally adapt the DRAM to the Brazilian Portuguese language, and to determine the reliability of the final version. Methods As proposed by the International Quality of Life Assessment (IQOLA) method, a Brazilian Portuguese version of the DRAM has been applied to a sample of 85 individuals from 3 participant centers. Results The results confirmed the reliability and reproducibility of the DRAM in its Brazilian Portuguese final version: Cronbach alpha of 0.815 (MSPQ) and 0.794 (Zung) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.688 (MSPQ) and 0.659 (Zung). Conclusion The presented DRAM version in Brazilian Portuguese is reliable and is available to clinical practice use.

Resumo Objetivo A partir de estudos sobre a fisiologia da dor e suas relações com estados psicológicos, tornou-se essencial a avaliação psicológica dos indivíduos com quadros dolorosos, para selecionar os perfis mais favoráveis às diferentes formas de tratamento. O questionário Distress Risk Assessment Method (DRAM, na sigla em inglês) foi desenvolvido como instrumento de triagem para portadores de dor na coluna vertebral subclassificando os indivíduos em quatro grupos distintos (normal, sob risco, somático e depressivo), conforme a pontuação dos dois questionários que compõem o DRAM (Questionário Modificado de Percepção Somática [MSPQ, na sigla em inglês] e Zung). O objetivo do presente estudo é traduzir e adaptar o DRAM para o português brasileiro da versão original em inglês, além de analisar a confiabilidade da versão traduzida e adaptada. Método Segundo a metodologia International Quality of Life Assessment (IQOLA), consagrada em inúmeras publicações, foi desenvolvida uma versão em português brasileiro que foi aplicada a uma amostra de 85 indivíduos dos 3 centros participantes portadores de dor lombar. Resultados Os resultados comprovaram a confiabilidade e reprodutibilidade da versão traduzida e adaptada do questionário DRAM com índice de Cronbach alfa de 0,815 para o MSPQ e de 0,794 para o Zung, e coeficiente de correlação intraclasse de 0,688 para o MSPQ e de 0,659 para o Zung. Conclusão Tais dados permitiram concluir que a versão do questionário DRAM traduzida e adaptada culturalmente para o português brasileiro é confiável e está disponível para uso na prática clínica.

Nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 inhibits human disc nucleus pulpous cells apoptosis induced by excessive hydrogen peroxide

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE Nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2)/ antioxidant response element (ARE) is a novel defensive pathway involved in the oxidative and chemical stress of cells. The aim of the study was to explore the role of Nrf2 on the apoptosis of human disc nucleus pulpous cells induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). METHODS The degeneration model of human intervertebral disc nucleus pulpous cells was established. The expression of Nrf2 was interfered with using sulforaphane (SFN); for that end, three groups were established: a blank group (H2O2-/SFN-), control group (H2O2+/SFN-), and an experimental group (H2O2+/SFN+). CCK8, Hoechst 33258 living cell staining was used to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS) content. RESULTS The apoptotic rates of the three groups were [(0.40±0.46)%], [(25.98±11.28)%], and [(3.83±2.06)%, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). The relative content of ROS in the three groups was [(100±7)%], [(1538±91)%], and [(818±63)%]; the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). In Western blotting, Nrf2 content in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group. CONCLUSION Nrf2 exists in the nucleus pulpous cells of human intervertebral discs, which is related to the degeneration of the intervertebral disc. It has negative feedback regulation and can prevent the degeneration of the intervertebral disc by inhibiting the apoptosis of nucleus pulpous cells of human intervertebral discs caused by excessive ROS, which provides a new intervention strategy for the prevention and treatment of the degeneration of intervertebral discs.

RESUMO OBJETIVO O fator 2 relacionado a NF-E2 (Nrf2)/elemento de resposta antioxidante (ARE) é uma nova via defensiva envolvida no estresse oxidativo e químico das células. O objetivo deste estudo foi explorar o papel do Nrf2 na apoptose das células do núcleo pulposo do disco humano induzida pelo peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2). MÉTODOS O modelo de degeneração das células do núcleo pulposo do disco intervertebral humano foi estabelecido. A expressão do Nrf2 foi interferida utilizando-se sulforafano (SFN). Para isso foram estabelecidos três grupos: um grupo vazio (H2O2-/SFN-), um grupo de controle (H2O2+/SFN-), e um grupo experimental (H2O2+/SFN+). Utilizando CCK8 e Hoechst 33258, o conteúdo de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ERO) foi detectado. RESULTADOS As taxas de apoptose dos três grupos foram [(0,40 ± 0,46)%], [(25,98 ± 11,28%)] e [(3,83 ± 2,06)%], respectivamente. A diferença apresentou significância estatística (p < 0,05). O conteúdo relativo de ERO nos três grupos foi [(100±7)%], [(1538±91%)], e [(818±63%); a diferença foi estatisticamente significativa (p < 0,05). O método de Western blotting indicou um maior conteúdo de Nrf2 no grupo experimental do que no grupo de controle. CONCLUSÃO O Nrf2 existe em células do núcleo pulposo do disco intervertebral humano, que estão relacionadas à degeneração do disco intervertebral. Ele apresenta regulação por feedback negativo e pode evitar a degeneração do disco intervertebral inibindo a apoptose de células do núcleo pulposo do disco causada por excesso de ERO. Essa informação proporciona uma nova estratégia de intervenção para a prevenção e o tratamento da degeneração do disco intervertebral.